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This paper presents two techniques for characterisation of cloud-feeding coherent boundary layer structures through analysis of large-eddy simulations of shallow cumulus clouds, contrasting conditions with and without ambient shear. The first technique is a generalisation of the two-point correlation function where the correlation length-scale as well as orientation can be extracted. The second technique decomposes the vertical transport by coherent structures by the shape, size and orientation of these structures. It is found that the structures dominating the vertical flux are plume-like in character (extending from the surface into cloud), show small width/thickness asymmetry and rise near-vertically in the absence of ambient wind. The planar stretching and tilting of boundary layer structures caused by the introduction of ambient shear is also quantified, demonstrating the general applicability of the techniques for future study of other boundary layer patterns.
A combination of methods originating from non-stationary timeseries analysis is applied to two datasets of near surface turbulence in order to gain insights on the non-stationary enhancement mechanism of intermittent turbulence in the stable atmosphe
One of the main discoveries from the first two orbits of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) was the presence of magnetic switchbacks, whose deflections dominated the magnetic field measurements. Determining their shape and size could provide evidence of their
Coastal tidal estuaries are vital to the exchange of energy and material between inland waters and the open ocean. Debris originating from the land and ocean enter this environment and are transported by currents (river outflow and tide), wind, waves
Convective self-aggregation refers to a phenomenon that random convection can self-organize into large-scale clusters over an ocean surface with uniform temperature in cloud-resolving models. Understanding its physics provides insights into the devel
The mass balance of mountain glaciers is of interest for several applications (local hydrology or climate projections), and turbulent fluxes can be an important contributor to glacier surface mass balance during strong melting events. The underlying