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A bias-free source-independent quantum random number generator scheme based on the measurement of vacuum fluctuation is proposed to realize the effective elimination of system bias and common mode noise introduced by the local oscillator. Optimal parameter settings are derived to avoid the system recording two canonically conjugate quadratures simultaneously in each measurement. In particular, it provides a new approach to investigate the performance difference between measuring two quadratures of equal and unequal intensity. It is experimentally demonstrated that the system supports 4.2 Gbps bias-free source-independent random number generation, where its common mode rejection ratio reaches 61.17 dB. Furthermore, the scheme offers an all-optical method facilitating the integration of source-independent quantum random number generators into compact chips.
Phase-randomized optical homodyne detection is a well-known technique for performing quantum state tomography. So far, it has been mainly considered a sophisticated tool for laboratory experiments but unsuitable for practical applications. In this wo
Random numbers are a fundamental ingredient for many applications including simulation, modelling and cryptography. Sound random numbers should be independent and uniformly distributed. Moreover, for cryptographic applications they should also be unp
We experimentally demonstrate a bias-free optical quantum random number generator with real-time randomness extraction to directly output uniform distributed random numbers by measuring the vacuum fluctuation of quantum state. A phase modulator is ut
We reverse-engineer, test and analyse hardware and firmware of the commercial quantum-optical random number generator Quantis from ID Quantique. We show that > 99% of its output data originates in physically random processes: random timing of photon
As a fundamental phenomenon in nature, randomness has a wide range of applications in the fields of science and engineering. Among different types of random number generators (RNG), quantum random number generator (QRNG) is a kind of promising RNG as