Image denoising can remove natural noise that widely exists in images captured by multimedia devices due to low-quality imaging sensors, unstable image transmission processes, or low light conditions. Recent works also find that image denoising benefits the high-level vision tasks, e.g., image classification. In this work, we try to challenge this common sense and explore a totally new problem, i.e., whether the image denoising can be given the capability of fooling the state-of-the-art deep neural networks (DNNs) while enhancing the image quality. To this end, we initiate the very first attempt to study this problem from the perspective of adversarial attack and propose the adversarial denoise attack. More specifically, our main contributions are three-fold: First, we identify a new task that stealthily embeds attacks inside the image denoising module widely deployed in multimedia devices as an image post-processing operation to simultaneously enhance the visual image quality and fool DNNs. Second, we formulate this new task as a kernel prediction problem for image filtering and propose the adversarial-denoising kernel prediction that can produce adversarial-noiseless kernels for effective denoising and adversarial attacking simultaneously. Third, we implement an adaptive perceptual region localization to identify semantic-related vulnerability regions with which the attack can be more effective while not doing too much harm to the denoising. We name the proposed method as Pasadena (Perceptually Aware and Stealthy Adversarial DENoise Attack) and validate our method on the NeurIPS17 adversarial competition dataset, CVPR2021-AIC-VI: unrestricted adversarial attacks on ImageNet,etc. The comprehensive evaluation and analysis demonstrate that our method not only realizes denoising but also achieves a significantly higher success rate and transferability over state-of-the-art attacks.
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