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Generally, open innovation is a lucrative research topic within industries relying on innovation, such as the pharmaceutical industry, which are also known as knowledge-intensive industries. However, the dynamics of drug pipelines within a small-medium enterprise level in the global economy remains concerning. To reveal the actual situation of pharmaceutical innovation, we investigate the feature of knowledge flows between the licensor and licensee in the drug pipeline based on a multilayer network constructed with the drug pipeline, global supply chain, and ownership data. Thus, our results demonstrate proven similarities between the knowledge flows in the drug pipeline among the supply chains, which generally agrees with the situation of pharmaceutical innovation collaborated with other industries, such as the artificial intelligence industry.
This paper studies the structure of the Japanese production network, which includes one million firms and five million supplier-customer links. This study finds that this network forms a tightly-knit structure with a core giant strongly connected com
Many real-world complex systems across natural, social, and economical domains consist of manifold layers to form multiplex networks. The multiple network layers give rise to nonlinear effect for the emergent dynamics of systems. Especially, weak lay
In this paper we analyse the bipartite Colombian firms-products network, throughout a period of five years, from 2010 to 2014. Our analysis depicts a strongly modular system, with several groups of firms specializing in the export of specific categor
Urban scaling analysis, the study of how aggregated urban features vary with the population of an urban area, provides a promising framework for discovering commonalities across cities and uncovering dynamics shared by cities across time and space. H
A multilayer network approach combines different network layers, which are connected by interlayer edges, to create a single mathematical object. These networks can contain a variety of information types and represent different aspects of a system. H