In the present paper, we have proposed the experimentally achievable method for the characterization of the collective states of qubits in a linear chain. We study temporal dynamics of absorption of a single-photon pulse by three interacting qubits embedded in a one-dimensional waveguide. Numerical simulations were performed for a Gaussian-shaped pulse with different frequency detunings and interaction parameters between qubits. The dynamic behavior of the excitation probability for each qubit is investigated. It was shown that the maximum probability amplitudes of excitation of qubits are reached when the frequency of external excitation coincides with the frequency of excitation of the a corresponding eigenstate of the system. In this case, the the magnitude of the probability amplitude of each qubit in the chain unambiguously correlates with the contribution of this qubit to the corresponding collective state of the system, and the decay of these amplitudes are determined by the resonance width arising from the interaction of the qubit with the photon field of the waveguide. Therefore, we show that the pulsed harmonic probe can be used for the characterization of the energies, widths, and the wavefunctions of the collective states in a one-dimensional qubit chain.
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