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This paper describes a novel approach to synthesize molecular reactions to train a perceptron, i.e., a single-layered neural network, with sigmoidal activation function. The approach is based on fractional coding where a variable is represented by two molecules. The synergy between fractional coding in molecular computing and stochastic logic implementations in electronic computing is key to translating known stochastic logic circuits to molecular computing. In prior work, a DNA perceptron with bipolar inputs and unipolar output was proposed for inference. The focus of this paper is on synthesis of molecular reactions for training of the DNA perceptron. A new molecular scaler that performs multiplication by a factor greater than 1 is proposed based on fractional coding. The training of the perceptron proposed in this paper is based on a modified backpropagation equation as the exact equation cannot be easily mapped to molecular reactions using fractional coding.
This paper considers implementation of artificial neural networks (ANNs) using molecular computing and DNA based on fractional coding. Prior work had addressed molecular two-layer ANNs with binary inputs and arbitrary weights. In prior work using fra
With the rapid increase of available digital data, DNA storage is identified as a storage media with high density and capability of long-term preservation, especially for archival storage systems. However, the encoding density (i.e., how many binary
The mechanical properties of DNA play a critical role in many biological functions. For example, DNA packing in viruses involves confining the viral genome in a volume (the viral capsid) with dimensions that are comparable to the DNA persistence leng
This paper studies spatial diversity techniques applied to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) diffusion-based molecular communications (DBMC). Two types of spatial coding techniques, namely Alamouti-type coding and repetition MIMO coding are sugge
As the global need for large-scale data storage is rising exponentially, existing storage technologies are approaching their theoretical and functional limits in terms of density and energy consumption, making DNA based storage a potential solution f