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The weak gravitational lensing formalism can be extended to the strong lensing regime by integrating a nonlinear version of the geodesic deviation equation. The resulting roulette expansion generalises the notion of convergence, shear and flexion to arbitrary order. The independent coefficients of this expansion are screen space gradients of the optical tidal tensor which approximates to the usual lensing potential in the weak field limit. From lensed images, knowledge of the roulette coefficients can in principle be inverted to reconstruct the mass distribution of a lens. In this paper, we simplify the roulette expansion and derive a family of recursion relations between the various coefficients, generalising the Kaiser-Squires relations beyond the weak-lensing regime.
We discuss the prospects of gravitational lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) coming from core-collapse supernovae (CCSN). As the CCSN GW signal can only be detected from within our own Galaxy and the local group by current and upcoming ground-based
Assessing the probability that two or more gravitational waves (GWs) are lensed images of the same source requires an understanding of the image properties, including their relative phase shifts in strong lensing (SL). For non-precessing, circular bi
Gravitational waves at suitable frequencies can resonantly interact with a binary system, inducing changes to its orbit. A stochastic gravitational-wave background causes the orbital elements of the binary to execute a classic random walk, with the v
Recently, the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration (LVC) concluded that there is no evidence for lensed gravitational waves (GW) in the first half of the O3 run, claiming We find the observation of lensed events to be unlikely, with the fractional rate at $mu>2$
We present a framework for studying gravitational lensing in spherically symmetric spacetimes using 1+1+2 covariant methods. A general formula for the deflection angle is derived and we show how this can be used to recover the standard result for the Schwarzschild spacetime.