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We review the general construction of distribution functions for gases of fermions and bosons (photons), emphasizing the similarities and differences between both cases. The central object which describes polarization for photons is a tensor-valued distribution function, whereas for fermions it is a vector-valued one. The collision terms of Boltzmann equations for fermions and bosons also possess the same general structure and differ only in the quantum effects associated with the final state of the reactions described. In particular, neutron-proton
This paper studies the connection between the relativistic number density of galaxies down the past light cone in a Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker spacetime with non-vanishing cosmological constant and the galaxy luminosity function (LF) data. I
In relativistic inhomogeneous cosmology, structure formation couples to average cosmological expansion. A conservative approach to modelling this assumes an Einstein--de Sitter model (EdS) at early times and extrapolates this forward in cosmological
The study of relativistic, higher order and nonlinear effects has become necessary in recent years in the pursuit of precision cosmology. We develop and apply here a framework to study gravitational lensing in exact models in general relativity that
We address the generation of initial conditions (ICs) for GRAMSES, a code for nonlinear general relativistic (GR) $N$-body cosmological simulations recently introduced in Ref. [1]. GRAMSES adopts a constant mean curvature slicing with a minimal disto
We present GRAMSES, a new pipeline for nonlinear cosmological $N$-body simulations in General Relativity (GR). This code adopts the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) formalism of GR, with constant mean curvature and minimum distortion gauge fixings, which