The energy content of cylindrical gravitational wave spacetimes is analyzed by considering two local descriptions of energy associated with the gravitational field, namely those based on the C-energy and the Bel-Robinson super-energy tensor. A Poynting-Robertson-like effect on the motion of massive test particles, beyond the geodesic approximation, is discussed, allowing them to interact with the background field through an external force which accounts for the exchange of energy and momentum between particles and waves. In addition, the relative strains exerted on a bunch of particles displaced orthogonally to the direction of propagation of the wave are examined, providing invariant information on spacetime curvature effects caused by the passage of the wave. The explicit examples of monochromatic waves with either a single or two polarization states as well as pulses of gravitational radiation are discussed.
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