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With more than 300 million people depressed worldwide, depression is a global problem. Due to access barriers such as social stigma, cost, and treatment availability, 60% of mentally-ill adults do not receive any mental health services. Effective and efficient diagnosis relies on detecting clinical symptoms of depression. Automatic detection of depressive symptoms would potentially improve diagnostic accuracy and availability, leading to faster intervention. In this work, we present a machine learning method for measuring the severity of depressive symptoms. Our multi-modal method uses 3D facial expressions and spoken language, commonly available from modern cell phones. It demonstrates an average error of 3.67 points (15.3% relative) on the clinically-validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) scale. For detecting major depressive disorder, our model demonstrates 83.3% sensitivity and 82.6% specificity. Overall, this paper shows how speech recognition, computer vision, and natural language processing can be combined to assist mental health patients and practitioners. This technology could be deployed to cell phones worldwide and facilitate low-cost universal access to mental health care.
Depression is a major debilitating disorder which can affect people from all ages. With a continuous increase in the number of annual cases of depression, there is a need to develop automatic techniques for the detection of the presence and extent of
In this paper, we address the task of spoken language understanding. We present a method for translating spoken sentences from one language into spoken sentences in another language. Given spectrogram-spectrogram pairs, our model can be trained compl
End-to-end (E2E) spoken language understanding (SLU) can infer semantics directly from speech signal without cascading an automatic speech recognizer (ASR) with a natural language understanding (NLU) module. However, paired utterance recordings and c
We describe a deep learning based method for estimating 3D facial expression coefficients. Unlike previous work, our process does not relay on facial landmark detection methods as a proxy step. Recent methods have shown that a CNN can be trained to r
Spoken dialogue systems such as Siri and Alexa provide great convenience to peoples everyday life. However, current spoken language understanding (SLU) pipelines largely depend on automatic speech recognition (ASR) modules, which require a large amou