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We describe a novel scheme of detecting rotational anisotropy second harmonic generation (RA-SHG) signals using a lock-in amplifier referenced to a fast scanning RA-SHG apparatus. The method directly measures the $n^{th}$ harmonics of the scanning frequency corresponding to SHG signal components of $C_n$ symmetry that appear in a Fourier series expansion of a general RA-SHG signal. GaAs was used as a test sample allowing comparison of point-by-point averaging with the lock-in based method. When divided by the $C_infty$ signal component, the lock-in detected data allowed for both self-referenced determination of ratios of $C_n$ components of up to 1 part in 10$^4$ and significantly more sensitive measurement of the relative amount of different $C_n$ components when compared with conventional methods.
The unprecedented brilliance of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) [1, 2] has enabled first studies of nonlinear interactions in the hard X-ray range. In particular, X-ray-optical mixing [3], X-ray second harmonic generation (XSHG) [4] and nonlinear
A scheme for active second harmonics generation is suggested. The system comprises $N$ three-level atoms in ladder configuration, situated into resonant cavity. It is found that the system can lase in either superradiant or subradiant regime, dependi
Efficient frequency conversion techniques are crucial to the development of plasmonic metasurfaces for information processing and signal modulation. In principle, nanoscale electric-field confinement in nonlinear materials enables higher harmonic con
We present a novel Rotational Anisotropy Nonlinear Harmonic Generation (RA-NHG) apparatus based primarily upon reflective optics. The data acquisition scheme used here allows for fast accumulation of RA-NHG traces, mitigating low frequency noise from
In this letter we experimentally demonstrate second harmonic conversion in the opaque region of a GaAs cavity with efficiencies of the order of 0.1% at 612nm, using 3ps pump pulses having peak intensities of order of 10MW/cm2. We show that the conver