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Zero forcing is a combinatorial game played on a graph where the goal is to start with all vertices unfilled and to change them to filled at minimal cost. In the original variation of the game there were two options. Namely, to fill any one single vertex at the cost of a single token; or if any currently filled vertex has a unique non-filled neighbor, then the neighbor is filled for free. This paper investigates a $q$-analogue of zero forcing which introduces a third option involving an oracle. Basic properties of this game are established including determining all graphs which have minimal cost $1$ or $2$ for all possible $q$, and finding the zero forcing number for all trees when $q=1$.
In this paper we shall survey the various methods of evaluating Hankel determinants and as an illustration we evaluate some Hankel determinants of a q-analogue of Catalan numbers. Here we consider $frac{(aq;q)_{n}}{(abq^{2};q)_{n}}$ as a q-analogue o
We derive an equation that is analogous to a well-known symmetric function identity: $sum_{i=0}^n(-1)^ie_ih_{n-i}=0$. Here the elementary symmetric function $e_i$ is the Frobenius characteristic of the representation of $mathcal{S}_i$ on the top homo
Zero forcing is a combinatorial game played on a graph with a goal of turning all of the vertices of the graph black while having to use as few unforced moves as possible. This leads to a parameter known as the zero forcing number which can be used t
We answer a question posed by Michael Aissen in 1979 about the $q$-analogue of a classical theorem of George Polya (1922) on the algebraicity of (generalized) diagonals of bivariate rational power series. In particular, we prove that the answer to Ai
Given a graph $G$, one may ask: What sets of eigenvalues are possible over all weighted adjacency matrices of $G$? (The weight of an edge is positive or negative, while the diagonal entries can be any real numbers.) This is known as the Inverse Eigen