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Massive fields in the primordial universe function as standard clocks and imprint clock signals in the density perturbations that directly record the scale factor of the primordial universe as a function of time, a(t). A measurement of such signals would identify the specific scenario of the primordial universe in a model-independent fashion. In this Letter, we introduce a new mechanism through which quantum fluctuations of massive fields function as standard clocks. The clock signals appear as scale-dependent oscillatory signals in the power spectrum of alternative scenarios to inflation.
Although the inflationary paradigm is the most widely accepted explanation for the current cosmological observations, it does not necessarily correspond to what actually happened in the early stages of our Universe. To decide on this issue, two paths
The possibility that primordial black holes constitute a fraction of dark matter motivates a detailed study of possible mechanisms for their production. Black holes can form by the collapse of primordial curvature fluctuations, if the amplitude of th
We consider the steepest rate at which the power spectrum from single field inflation can grow, with the aim of providing a simple explanation for the $k^4$ growth found recently. With this explanation in hand we show that a slightly steeper $k^5 (lo
We derive constraints on primordial power spectrum, for the first time, from galaxy UV luminosity functions (LFs) at high redshifts. Since the galaxy LFs reflect an underlying halo mass function which depends on primordial fluctuations, one can const
We show that conformal invariance of gauge fields is naturally broken in inflation, having as a consequence amplification of gauge fields. The resulting spectrum of the field strength is approximately B_L ~ L^(-1), where L is the relevant coherence s