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تسجيل مستخدم جديدThe Stern-Gerlach Experiment and the Electron Spin
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تأليف
Sandip Pakvasa
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The full story of the Stern-Gerlach experiment and its reception, interpretation and final understanding has many unexpected surprises. Here, we review the history and the context of the proposal, the experiment, and the subsequent story of the aftermath. We also discuss the story of the possible Stern-Gerlach experiment for free electrons etc. Finally, we comment on the remarkable career of Otto Stern.
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The relativistic Lagrangian for a spinning particle in an electromagnetic field is derived from the known Lagrangian in the particles rest frame. The resulting relativistic Stern-Gerlach and Thomas precession forces on the particle are then derived f
rom the Lagrangian in the laboratory frame. In particular, the longitudinal component of this combined Stern-Gerlach-Thomas force does not contain a term proportional to gamma-squared as was claimed in a previous derivation [1].
We describe an interactive computer program that simulates Stern-Gerlach measurements on spin-1/2 and spin-1 particles. The user can design and run experiments involving successive spin measurements, illustrating incompatible observables, interferenc
e, and time evolution. The program can be used by students at a variety of levels, from non-science majors in a general interest course to physics majors in an upper-level quantum mechanics course. We give suggested homework exercises using the program at various levels.
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e interaction with the environment, as described by the Caldeira-Leggett model. The diagonal terms of the matrix provide us with information about the two components of the state, that arise from interaction with the magnetic field gradient. In particular, from the marginals of these components, we obtain an analytical formula for the position and momentum probability distributions in presence of decoherence, that show a diffusive behavior for large values of the decoherence parameter. These features limit the dynamics of the present model. We also observe the decay of the non-diagonal terms with time, and use this fact to quantify the amount of decoherence, from the norm of those terms in phase space. From here, we can define a decoherence time scale, which differs from previous results that make use of the same model.
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