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تسجيل مستخدم جديدHighlights from BNL and RHIC 2017
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تأليف
M. J. Tannenbaum
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Highlights of news from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in the period July 2016-2017 are presented. 2017 was the 70th birthday of Brookhaven National Laboratory which was built starting in 1947 on Camp Upton, a military base in 1917 for World War I and in September 1944 for World War II. Highlights in 70 years of research at BNL are presented, which include 6 Nobel Prizes as well as other important discoveries and inventions. RHIC is the worlds only polarized proton collider and a review of the establishment of the Riken BNL Research Center with research focus on spiin physics at RHIC is presented. Discoveries at RHIC in Jet Quenching and the Quark Gluon Plasma are reviewed as well as new ideas on flow in small systems including a measurement of the vorticity of the QGP via polarization of $Lambda$ hyperons. An attempt at measuring the transport coefficient $hat{q}$ of the Quark Gluon Plasma from azimuthal broadening of high $p_T$ di-hadron pairs is presented.
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Highlights of news from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in the period July 2013-June 2014 are presented. It was a busy year for news, most notably a U. S. Government shutdown for 16 day
s beginning October 1, 2013 due to the lack of an approved budget for FY2014. Even with this unusual government activity, the $sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV Au+Au Run14 at RHIC was the best ever with integrated luminosity exceeding the sum of all previous runs. Additionally there was a brief He$^3$+Au run to continue the study of collective flow in small systems which was reinforced by new results presented on identified particle flow in d+Au. The other scientific highlights are also mostly concerned with ``soft (low $p_T$) physics complemented by the first preliminary results of reconstructed jets from hard-scattered partons in Au+Au collisions at RHIC . The measurements of transverse energy ($E_T$) spectra in p-p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions, which demonstrated last year that constituent quarks are the fundamental elements of particle production in all 3 systems, led to the conclusion that the two-component ansatz which has been used to represent $E_T$ distributions as a function of centrality is simply a proxy for the number of constituent quark participants as well as to an explanation of the surprising elliptical flow results from U+U collisions. An extensive discussion of the latest measurements in Au+Au of net-charge and net-proton distributions represented by Cumulants of the distributions and plans for a Beam Energy Scan at RHIC to look for a QCD critical point is presented and compared to the claim implied by a press release during the 2011 ISSP.
Highlights of news from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in the period July 2014-June 2015 are presented. The news this year was mostly very positive. The major event at BNL was the star
tup and dedication of the new NSLS II, the Worlds brightest Synchrotron Light Source. The operation of RHIC was outstanding with a polarized p+p run at $sqrt{s}=200$ GeV with integrated luminosity that exceeded the sum of all previous p+p integrated luminosity at this $sqrt{s}$. For the first time at RHIC asymmetric p+Au and p+Al runs were made but the p+Al run caused damage in the PHENIX forward detectors from quenches that were inadequately shielded for this first p+A run. This was also the 10th anniversary of the 2005 announcement of the Perfect Liquid Quark Gluon Plasma at RHIC and a review is presented of the discoveries leading to this claim. A new result on net-charge fluctuations (with no particle identification) from PHENIX based on previous scans over beam energy to look for a QCD critical point is discussed which combined with Lattice QCD calculations and smaller errors on the higher cumulants than previous measurements led to calculations of the baryon chemical potential and freezeout temperature in agreement with the best accepted analysis from baryon/anti-baryon ratio measurements.
Highlights of news from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and results from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in the period July 2015-2016 are presented. Transverse single spin asymmetries from polarized p+p collisions are presented for $p
i^0$ and jets as a function of Feynman $x_F$. An energy scan to study the $sqrt{s}$ dependence of collectivity and flow for small systems was performed as well as a high luminosity Au$+$Au run. The failure of a quench protection diode resulted in a pause in the run to replace it, but otherwise performance of RHIC was the best ever. Experimental results discussed are an elegant measurement from STAR of the force between anti-protons using HBT correlations, flow in U+U collisions, an improved method of generating constituent quarks by PHENIX and new Number of Quark Participants (NQP) scaling of $E_T$ distributions in p$+$p,d$+$Au and Au$+$Au which worked well. New hard-scattering results as a function of $sqrt{s}$ in Au$+$Au central collisions are presented. Also, measurements of the di-hadron acoplanarity for $pi^0 +h$ and $gamma+h$ in p+p collisions at $sqrt{s}=500$ GeV are presented in terms of the out-of-plane transverse momentum $p_{rm out}$ which differ from the prediction of the TMD framework of parton transverse momentum dynamics.
Polarized proton-proton collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) provide unique opportunities to study the spin structure of the nucleon. We will highlight recent results on the nucleon spin structure from the STAR and PHENIX experime
nts at RHIC: (1) A sizable gluon polarization in the proton is measured with longitudinal double spin asymmetries of jet and hadron production; (2) Longitudinal single spin asymmetries in W boson production improve constraints on the sea quark polarization. The new spin asymmetry results for W boson confirmed the SU(2) flavor asymmetry of the light sea quark polarization in the proton; (3) Transverse spin effects in hadronic systems offer new implications on parton distribution functions in the collinear and transverse momentum dependent frameworks. We will also discuss near term plans for the STAR forward detector upgrade and prospects for proton-proton and proton-ion collisions in the years beyond 2021 at STAR.
Recent soft physics results from collisions of ultra-relativistic nuclei at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) operating at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) are reviewed. Topics discussed cover the Beam Energy Scan program with some emphasis on anisotropic particle flow.
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