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The power of quantum computers relies on the capability of their components to maintain faithfully and process accurately quantum information. Since this property eludes classical certification methods, fundamentally new protocols are required to guarantee that elementary components are suitable for quantum computation. These protocols must be device-independent, that is, they cannot rely on a particular physical description of the actual implementation if one is to qualify a block for all possible usages. Bells theorem has been proposed to certify, in a device-independent way, blocks either producing or measuring quantum states. In this manuscript, we provide the missing piece: a method based on Bells theorem to certify coherent operations such as storage, processing and transfer of quantum information. This completes the set of tools needed to certify all building blocks of a quantum computer. Our method is robust to experimental imperfections, and so can be readily used to certify that todays quantum devices are qualified for usage in future quantum computers.
(A) Bells theorem rests on a conjunction of three assumptions: realism, locality and ``free will. A discussion of these assumptions will be presented. It will be also shown that, if one adds to the assumptions the principle or rotational symmetry o
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Bells theorem is a fundamental theorem in physics concerning the incompatibility between some correlations predicted by quantum theory and a large class of physical theories. In this paper, we introduce the hypothesis of accountability, which demands
Even the most sophisticated artificial neural networks are built by aggregating substantially identical units called neurons. A neuron receives multiple signals, internally combines them, and applies a non-linear function to the resulting weighted su
Randomness is a fundamental feature in nature and a valuable resource for applications ranging from cryptography and gambling to numerical simulation of physical and biological systems. Random numbers, however, are difficult to characterize mathemati