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The 11-year and 22-year modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) in the inner heliosphere are studied using a numerical model developed by Qin and Shen in 2017. Based on the numerical solutions of Parkers transport equations, the model incorporates a modified Parker heliospheric magnetic field, a locally static time delayed heliosphere, and a time-dependent diffusion coefficients model in which an analytical expression of the variation of magnetic turbulence magnitude throughout the inner heliosphere is applied. Furthermore, during solar maximum, the solar magnetic polarity is determined randomly with the possibility of $A>0$ decided by the percentage of the north solar polar magnetic field being outward and the south solar polar magnetic field being inward. The computed results are compared with several GCR observations, e.g., IMP 8, SOHO/EPHIN, Ulysses, Voyager 1 & 2, at various energies and show good agreement. It is shown that our model has successfully reproduced the 11-year and 22-year modulation cycles.
Since the beginning of the space exploration era, solar activity was observed at its lowest level during 2006 to 2009. During this period, the PAMELA space experiment observed spectra for galactic cosmic rays, specifically for protons, electrons and
The slow solar wind is typically characterized as having low Alfvenicity. However, Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observed predominately Alfvenic slow solar wind during several of its initial encounters. From its first encounter observations, about 55.3% o
The scaling of the turbulent spectra provides a key measurement that allows to discriminate between different theoretical predictions of turbulence. In the solar wind, this has driven a large number of studies dedicated to this issue using in-situ da
The anisotropy of solar wind turbulence is a critical issue in understanding the physics of energy transfer between scales and energy conversion between fields and particles in the heliosphere. Using the measurement of emph{Parker Solar Probe} (emph{
The first computation of the compressible energy transfer rate from $sim$ 0.2 AU up to $sim$ 1.7 AU is obtained using PSP, THEMIS and MAVEN observations. The compressible energy cascade rate $varepsilon_C$ is computed for hundred of events at differe