We investigate broad absorption line (BAL) disappearance and emergence using a 470 BAL-quasar sample over < 0.10-5.25 rest-frame years with at least three spectroscopic epochs for each quasar from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We identify 14 disappearing BALs over < 1.73-4.62 rest-frame years and 18 emerging BALs over < 1.46-3.66 rest-frame years associated with the CIV 1548,1550 and/or SiIV 1393,1402 doublets, and report on their variability behavior. BAL quasars in our dataset exhibit disappearing/emerging CIV BALs at a rate of 2.3 and 3.0 per cent, respectively, and the frequency for BAL to non-BAL quasar transitions is 1.7 per cent. We detect four re-emerging BALs over < 3.88 rest-frame years on average and three re-disappearing BALs over < 4.15 rest-frame years on average, the first reported cases of these types. We infer BAL lifetimes along the line of sight to be nominally < 100-1000 yr using disappearing CIV BALs in our sample. Interpretations of (re-)emerging and (re-)disappearing BALs reveal evidence that collectively supports both transverse-motion and ionization-change scenarios to explain BAL variations. We constrain a nominal CIV/SiIV BAL outflow location of < 100 pc from the central source and a radial size of > 1x10^-7 pc (0.02 au) using the ionization-change scenario, and constrain a nominal outflow location of < 0.5 pc and a transverse size of ~0.01 pc using the transverse-motion scenario. Our findings are consistent with previous work, and provide evidence in support of BALs tracing compact flow geometries with small filling factors.
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