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According to theoretical considerations, multiplicity of hierarchical stellar systems can reach, depending on masses and orbital parameters, several hundred, while observational data confirm existence of at most septuple (seven-component) systems. In this study, we cross-match very high multiplicity (six and more components) stellar systems in modern catalogues of visual double and multiple stars, to find candidates to hierarchical systems among them. After cross-matching with catalogues of closer binaries (eclipsing, spectroscopic, etc.), some of their components were found to be binary/multiple themselves, which increases the systems degree of multiplicity. Optical pairs, known from literature or filtered by the authors, are flagged and excluded from the statistics. We have compiled a list of potentially very high multiplicity hierarchical systems that contains 10~objects. Their multiplicity does not exceed 12, and we discuss a number of ways to explain the lack of extremely high multiplicity systems.
Stellar multiplicity is an ubiquitous outcome of the star formation process. Characterizing the frequency and main characteristics of multiple systems and their dependencies on primary mass and environment is therefore a powerful tool to probe this p
Under certain rather prevalent conditions (driven by dynamical orbital evolution), a hierarchical triple stellar system can be well approximated, from the standpoint of orbital parameter estimation, as two binary star systems combined. Even under thi
Our uncertainties about binary star systems (and triples and so on) limit our capabilities in literally every single one of the Thematic Areas identified for Astro2020. We need to understand the population statistics of stellar multiplicity and their
We use the multi-epoch radial velocities acquired by the APOGEE survey to perform a large scale statistical study of stellar multiplicity for field stars in the Milky Way, spanning the evolutionary phases between the main sequence and the red clump.
It has recently been shown that stellar clustering plays an important role in shaping the properties of planetary systems. We investigate how the multiplicity distributions and orbital periods of planetary systems depend on the 6D phase space density