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A model-dependent method is proposed to determine the location of the $gamma$-ray emitting region for a given flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ). In the model, the extra-relativistic electrons are injected at the base of the jet and non-thermal photons are produced by both synchrotron radiation and inverse-Comtpon (IC) scattering in the energy dissipation region. The target photons dominating inverse-Comtpon scattering originate from both synchrotron photons and external ambient photon fields, and the energy density of external radiation field is a function of the distance between the position of dissipation region and a central super-massive black hole, and their spectra are seen in the comoving frame. Moreover, the energy dissipation region could be determined by the model parameter through reproducing the $gamma$-ray spectra. Such a model is applied to reproduce the quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength observed data for 36 FSRQs. In order to define the width of the broad-line region shell and dusty molecular torus shell, a simple numerical constraint is used to determine the outer boundary of the broad-line region and dusty molecular torus. Our results show that 1) the $gamma$-ray emitting regions are located at the range from 0.1 pc to 10 pc; 2) the $gamma$-ray emitting regions are located outside the broad-line regions and within the dusty molecular tori; and 3) the $gamma$-ray emitting region are located closer to the dusty molecular torus ranges than the broad-line regions. Therefore, it may concluded that a direct evidence for the emph{far site} scenario could be obtained on the basis of the model results.
We present a temporal and spectral analysis of the gamma-ray flux from nine of the brightest flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) detected with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its first eight years of operation, with the aim of constrainin
Almost 10 yr of $gamma$-ray observations with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) have revealed extreme $gamma$-ray outbursts from flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), temporarily making these objects the brightest $gamma$-ray emitters in the sky. Y
During a decade of the $Fermi$-Large Area Telescope (LAT) operation, thousands of blazars have been detected in the $gamma$-ray band. However, there are still numbers of blazars that have not been detected in the $gamma$-ray band. In this work, we fo
The view of the gamma-ray universe is being continuously expanded by space high energy (HE) and ground based very-high energy (VHE) observatories. Yet, the angular resolution limitation still precludes a straightforward identification of these gamma-
This paper proposes to exploit gravitational lensing effects to improve the sensitivity of neutrino telescopes to the intrinsic neutrino emission of distant blazar populations. This strategy is illustrated with a search for cosmic neutrinos in the di