ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Physical quantities in gauge theories have to be gauge-independent. However their evaluation can be greatly simplified by working in particular gauges. Since physical quantities have to be gauge invariant, it is important to establish an approach allowing the comparison of computations carried out in different gauges even beyond perturbation theory. We show that the dependence on the gauge parameter $alpha=0$ in Yang-Mills theories is controlled by a canonical flow that explicitly solves the Nielsen identities of the model. Greens functions in the $alpha=0$ gauge are given by amplitudes evaluated in the theory at $alpha=0$ (e.g., in the example of Lorentz-covariant gauges, in terms of Landau gauge amplitudes) plus some contributions induced by the $alpha=0$-dependence of the generating functional of the canonical flow. Explicit formulas are presented and an application of the formalism to the gluon propagator is discussed.
There has been growing evidence that the infrared enhancement of the form factors defining the full quark-gluon vertex plays an important role in realizing a dynamical breakdown of chiral symmetry in quantum chromodynamics, leading to the observed sp
Inflationary perturbations are approximately Gaussian and deviations from Gaussianity are usually calculated using in-in perturbation theory. This method, however, fails for unlikely events on the tail of the probability distribution: in this regime
Any totally positive $(k+m)times n$ matrix induces a map $pi_+$ from the positive Grassmannian ${rm Gr}_+(k,n)$ to the Grassmannian ${rm Gr}(k,k+m)$, whose image is the amplituhedron $mathcal{A}_{n,k,m}$ and is endowed with a top-degree form called t
We explain how one-loop amplitudes with massive fermions can be computed using only on-shell information. We first use the spinor-helicity formalism in six dimensions to perform generalised unitarity cuts in $d$ dimensions. We then show that divergen
Integral equations for meson-baryon scattering amplitudes are obtained by utilizing time-ordered perturbation theory for a manifestly Lorentz-invariant formulation of baryon chiral perturbation theory. Effective potentials are defined as sums of two-