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In order for surface scattering models to be accurate they must necessarily satisfy energy conservation and reciprocity principles. Roughness scattering models based on Kirchoffs approximation or perturbation theory do not satisfy these criteria in all frequency ranges. Here we present a surface scattering model based on analysis of scattering from a layer of particles on top of a substrate in the dipole approximation which satisfies both energy conservation and reciprocity and is thus accurate in all frequency ranges. The model takes into account the absorption in the substrate induced by the particles but does not take into account the near-field interactions between the particles.
We introduce a method for breaking Lorentz reciprocity based upon the non-commutation of frequency conversion and delay. The method requires no magnetic materials or resonant physics, allowing for the design of scalable and broadband non-reciprocal c
Reciprocity is a fundamental principle governing various physical systems, which ensures that the transfer function between any two points in space is identical, regardless of geometrical or material asymmetries. Breaking this transmission symmetry o
Under certain conditions usually fulfilled in classical mechanics, the principle of conservation of linear momentum and Newtons third law are equivalent. However, the demonstration of this fact is usually incomplete in textbooks. We shall show here t
An unconstrained, non-linearly elastic, semi-infinite solid is maintained in a state of large static plane strain. A power-law relation between the pre-stretches is assumed and it is shown that this assumption is well-motivated physically and is like
Electromagnetic (EM) scattering systems widely exist in EM engineering domain. For a certain objective scattering system, all of its working modes constitute a linear space, i.e. modal space. Characteristic mode theory (CMT) can effectively construct