ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Some recent extensions to the GALPROP cosmic-ray propagation package are described. The enhancements include: an accurate solution option, improved convection formulation, alternative spatial boundary conditions, polarized synchrotron emission, new magnetic field models, updated gamma-ray production cross-sections, free-free radio emission and absorption, primary positrons, additional injection spectral breaks, deuterium production by pp fusion, hadronic energy losses, improved HEALPix skymap format, compatibility with latest HEALPix release, and various bug fixes. The Explanatory Supplement has been extensively updated, including details of these enhancements. A compatible plot package GALPLOT for GALPROP output is also provided, as well as other related software.
Information on cosmic-ray (CR) composition comes from direct CR measurements while their distribution in the Galaxy is evaluated from observations of their associated diffuse emission in the range from radio to gamma rays. Even though the main intera
Composition and spectra of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are vital for studies of high-energy processes in a variety of environments and on different scales, for interpretation of gamma-ray and microwave observations, disentangling possible signatures o
Local interstellar spectra (LIS) of secondary cosmic ray (CR) nuclei, lithium, beryllium, boron, and partially secondary nitrogen, are derived in the rigidity range from 10 MV to ~200 TV using the most recent experimental results combined with the st
The ARGO-YBJ experiment has been in stable data taking for 5 years at the YangBaJing Cosmic Ray Observatory (Tibet, P.R. China, 4300 m a.s.l., 606 g/cm^2). With a duty-cycle greater than 86% the detector collected about 5 X 10^{11} events in a wide e
As the TeV halos around Geminga and PSR B0656+14 have been confirmed by HAWC, slow diffusion of cosmic rays could be general around pulsars, and the cosmic positron spectrum from pulsars could be significantly changed. As a consequence, the most like