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The popular outer gap model of magnetospheric emission from pulsars has been widely applied to explain the properties observed in $gamma$-rays. However, its quantitative predictions rely on a number of approximations and assumptions that are usually overlooked. Here we examine them, reviewing the main ingredients entering in the model, evaluating their range of uncertainties. Usually, in the quantitative applications of the model, key parameters like the radius of curvature and the energies of the interacting photons are taken to be a fixed, single value. Instead, here we explore their realistic ranges, and the impact of these on the consistency of the model itself. We conclude that the popular evaluation of the trans-field size of the gap as a function of period and period derivative, is unreliable and affected by a huge dispersion. Last, the exploration of the possible values for the radius of curvature, the local magnetic field and other quantities deserve more attention for quantitative applications of the outer gap model, like the calculation of $gamma$-ray spectra, which is the subject of an accompanying paper.
One of the most important predictions of any gap model for pulsar magnetospheres is the predicted $gamma$-ray spectra. In the outer gap model, the properties of the synchro-curvature radiation are sensitive to many parameters, whose realistic ranges
We investigate the electrodynamics of an outer gap in the meridional plane of the aligned-rotator. The charge depletion from the Goldreich-Julian charge density causes a large electric field along the magnetic field line. The electrons or the positro
Two of the dominant channels to produce the black-hole binary mergers observed by LIGO and Virgo are believed to be the isolated evolution of stellar binaries in the field and dynamical formation in star clusters. Their relative efficiency can be cha
We develop a model for gamma-ray emission from the outer magnetosphere of pulsars (the outer-gap model). The charge depletion causes a large electric field which accelerates electrons and positrons. We solve the electric field with radiation and pair
A two-dimensional electrodynamic model is used to study particle acceleration and non-thermal emission mechanisms in the pulsar magnetospheres. We solve distribution of the accelerating electric field with the emission process and the pair-creation