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We review the effective field theory of modified gravity in which the Lagrangian involves three dimensional geometric quantities appearing in the 3+1 decomposition of space-time. On the flat isotropic cosmological background we expand a general action up to second order in the perturbations of geometric scalars, by taking into account spatial derivatives higher than two. Our analysis covers a wide range of gravitational theories-- including Horndeski theory/its recent generalizations and the projectable/non-projectab
We investigate the Hamiltonian structure of linearized extended Hov{r}ava- Lifshitz gravity in a flat cosmological background following the Faddeev-Jackiws Hamiltonian reduction formalism. The Hamiltonian structure of extended Hov{r}ava-Lifshitz grav
We investigate the linear cosmological perturbations in Hov{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity with a scalar field. Starting from the most general expressions of the metric perturbations as well as that of a canonical scalar field, we decompose the scalar, vecto
We calculate the spectrum of the relic gravitational wave due to the trans-Planckian effect in which the standard linear dispersion relations may be modified. Of the modified dispersion relations suggested in literatures which have investigated the t
We investigate string-like solutions in four dimensions based on Hov{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity. For a restricted class of solutions where the Cotton tensor vanishes, we find that the string-like solutions in Einstein gravity including the BTZ black stri
We present a detailed analysis of the construction of $z=2$ and $z eq2$ scale invariant Hov{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity. The construction procedure is based on the realization of Hov{r}ava-Lifshitz gravity as the dynamical Newton-Cartan geometry as well a