He-Ne ring laser gyroscopes are, at present, the most precise devices for absolute angular velocity measurements. Limitations to their performance come from the non--linear dynamics of the laser. Following the Lamb semi-classical theory, we find a set of critical parameters affecting the time stability of the system. We propose a method for estimating the long term drift of the laser parameters and for filtering out the laser dynamics effects from the rotation measurement. The parameter estimation procedure, based on the perturbative solutions of the laser dynamics, allow us to apply Kalman Filter theory for the estimation of the angular velocity. Results of a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation and results of a preliminary analysis on experimental data from the ring laser prototype G-Pisa are shown and discussed.
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