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The standard model extended by three vector-like families with masses of order 1 TeV -- 100 TeV allows for unification of gauge couplings. The values of gauge couplings at the electroweak scale are highly insensitive to fundamental parameters. The grand unification scale is large enough to avoid the problem with fast proton decay. The electroweak minimum of the Higgs potential is stable.
We argue that in the two-loop approximation gauge coupling unification in the exceptional supersymmetric standard model can be achieved for any phenomenologically reasonable value of strong gauge coupling at the electroweak scale consistent with the experimentally measured central value.
We analize the impact of two-loop renormalization group equations on the $SU(3)_ctimes SU(2)_wtimes U(1)_Y$ gauge couplings unification in various supersymmetric theories. In general the presence of superfields in higher representation than the doubl
We discuss gauge coupling unification in models with additional 1 to 4 complete vector-like families, and derive simple rules for masses of vector-like fermions required for exact gauge coupling unification. These mass rules and the classification sc
When the extra dimensional space is not simply-connected, dynamics of the AB phase in the extra dimension can induce dynamical gauge symmetry breaking by the Hosotani mechanism. This opens up a new way of achieving unification of gauge forces. It lea
Gauge-Higgs grand unification is formulated. By extending $SO(5) times U(1)_X$ gauge-Higgs electroweak unification, strong interactions are incorporated in $SO(11)$ gauge-Higgs unification in the Randall-Sundrum warped space. Quarks and leptons are c