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Recent observations revealed that small magnetic elements abundant at the solar surface move poleward with a velocity which seems to be lower than the plasma velocity $U_{theta}$. Guerrero et al. (2011) explained this discrepancy as a consequence of diffusive spreading of the magnetic elements due to a positive radial gradient of $|U_{theta}|$. As the gradients sign (inferred by local helioseismology) is still unclear, cases with a negative gradient are studied in this paper. Under this condition, the velocity of the magnetic tracers turns out to be larger than the plasma velocity, in disagreement with the observations. Alternative mechanisms for explaining them independently are proposed. For the turbulent magnetic pumping it is shown that it has to be unrealistically strong to reconcile the model with the observations.
Using Hinode SP and G-band observations, we examined the relationship between magnetic field structure and penumbral size as well as Evershed flow speed. The latter two are positively correlated with magnetic inclination angle or horizontal field str
We simulate the magnetic feature tracking (MFT) speed using advective-diffusive transport models in both one and two dimensions. By depositing magnetic bipolar regions at different latitudes at the Suns surface and following their evolution for a pre
The sizes of galaxies are known to be closely related with their masses, luminosities, redshifts and morphologies. However, when we fix these quantities and morphology, we still find large dispersions in the galaxy size distribution. We investigate t
I use volume- and mass-limited subsamples and recently published data from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G) to investigate how the size of bars depends on galaxy properties. The known correlation between bar semi-major-axis $
Planets form in protoplanetary discs. Their masses, distribution, and orbits sensitively depend on the structure of the protoplanetary discs. However, what sets the initial structure of the discs in terms of mass, radius and accretion rate is still u