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We report on the comparison of production characteristics of secondary protons and charged pions in the interactions of protons and charged pions with momentum between 3 GeV/c and 15 GeV/c with beryllium, copper, and tantalum nuclei, with simulations by the FLUKA and Geant4 Monte Carlo tool kits. Overall production cross-sections are reasonably well reproduced, within factors of two. In more detail, there are areas with poor agreement that are unsatisfactory and call for modelling improvements. Overall, the current FLUKA simulation fares better than the current Geant4 simulation.
Several mistakes have been found in recent papers that purport to reanalyze the backgrounds to the LSND neutrino oscillation signal. Once these mistakes are corrected, then it is determined that the background estimates in the papers are close to (if not lower than) the LSND background estimate.
Hadron generation models are indispensable for the simulation and calibration of particle physics detectors. The models used by the Geant4 simulation tool kit are compared with inclusive spectra of secondary protons and pions from the interactions wi
The alleged mistakes in recent papers that reanalyze the backgrounds to the LSND anomaly do not exist. We maintain our conclusion that the significance of the LSND anomaly is not 3.8 sigma but not larger than 2.3 sigma.
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a satellite-borne detector for high-energy cosmic rays and $gamma$-rays. To fully understand the detector performance and obtain reliable physical results, extensive simulations of the detector are necessa
The highly granular calorimeter prototypes of the CALICE collaboration have provided large data samples with precise three-dimensional information on hadronic showers with steel and tungsten absorbers and silicon, scintillator and gas detector readou