اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدHelium in first and second-generation stars in Globular Clusters from spectroscopy of red giants
203
0
0.0
(
0
)
تأليف
Angela Bragaglia
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
(abridged) Recent spectroscopic and photometric observations show the existence of various generations of stars in GCs, differing in the abundances of products of H-burning at high temperatures (the main final product being He). It is important to study the connections between stars properties and He content. We consider here the about 1400 stars on the Red Giant Branch (RGB) observed with FLAMES@VLT in 19 Galactic GCs, part of out Na-O anticorrelation projet. Stars with different He are expected to have different temperatures (i.e. colours), slightly different [Fe/H], and different luminosity levels of the RGB bump. All these differences are small, but our study has the necessary precision, good statistics, and homogeneity to detect them. We also computed suitable sets of stellar models (BaSTI) for various assumptions about the initial helium content. Differences in observable quantities that can be attributed to variations in He content are generally detectable between stars of the Primordial (P, first-generation) and Extreme (E, second-generation) populations, but not between the Primordial and Intermediate ones (I). The only exception (differences are significant also between P and I populations) is NGC2808, where three populations are clearly separated also on the Main Sequence and the Horizontal Branch. The average enhancement in the He mass fraction Y between P and E stars is about 0.05-0.11, depending on the assumptions. The differences in Y, for NGC2808 alone, are about 0.11-0.14 between P and I stars, and about 0.15-0.19 between P and E stars, again depending on the assumptions. The RGB bump luminosity of first and second-generation stars has different levels; the implied Y difference is more difficult to quantify, but is in agreement with the other determinations.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
By means of grid-based, 3D hydrodynamical simulations we study the formation of second generation (SG) stars in a young globular cluster (GC) of mass 10^7 Msun, the possible progenitor of an old GC with a present mass ~(1-5) * 10^6 Msun. The cluster
accretes external gas as its first generation (FG) asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars release their ejecta and SG stars form. We consider two models characterised by different densities of the external gas. In both cases, we find that a very compact SG subsystem with central density >10^5M sun/pc^3 forms in the innermost regions of the cluster. The low-density model forms a population of extreme SG stars with high helium enhancement, followed by the formation of another SG group out of a mix of pristine gas and AGB ejecta and characterised by a modest helium enhancement. On the other hand, the high-density model forms in prevalence SG stars with modest helium enhancement. Our simulations illustrate the dynamical processes governing the formation of SG populations in GCs and shed light on the structural properties emerging at the end of this phase. The newly born SG groups have different concentrations, with more extreme SG stars more centrally concentrated than those with less extreme chemical abundances. The very high density of the SG subsystems implies that SG massive stars, if formed, might suffer frequent close encounters, collisions and gas stripping, thus possibly contributing further gas to the SG formation.
We present carbon abundances of red giants in Milky Way globular clusters and dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs). Our sample includes measurements of carbon abundances for 154 giants in the clusters NGC 2419, M68, and M15 and 398 giants in the dSphs S
culptor, Fornax, Ursa Minor, and Draco. This sample doubles the number of dSph stars with measurements of [C/Fe]. The [C/Fe] ratio in the clusters decreases with increasing luminosity above log(L/L_sun) ~= 1.6, which can be explained by deep mixing in evolved giants. The same decrease is observed in dSphs, but the initial [C/Fe] of the dSph giants is not uniform. Stars in dSphs at lower metallicities have larger [C/Fe] ratios. We hypothesize that [C/Fe] (corrected to the initial carbon abundance) declines with increasing [Fe/H] due to the metallicity dependence of the carbon yield of asymptotic giant branch stars and due to the increasing importance of Type Ia supernovae at higher metallicities. We also identified 11 very carbon-rich giants (8 previously known) in three dSphs. However, our selection biases preclude a detailed comparison to the carbon-enhanced fraction of the Milky Way stellar halo. Nonetheless, the stars with [C/Fe] < +1 in dSphs follow a different [C/Fe] track with [Fe/H] than the halo stars. Specifically, [C/Fe] in dSphs begins to decline at lower [Fe/H] than in the halo. The difference in the metallicity of the [C/Fe] knee adds to the evidence from [alpha/Fe] distributions that the progenitors of the halo had a shorter timescale for chemical enrichment than the surviving dSphs.
We present the first results from the analysis of GIRAFFE spectra of more than 1200 red giants stars in 19 Galactic Globular Clusters (GCs), to study the chemical composition of second generation stars and their link with global cluster parameters. W
e confirm that the extension of the Na-O anticorrelation (the most striking signature of polluted, second generation populations) is strictly related to the very blue (and hot) extreme of the Horizontal Branch (HB). Long anticorrelations seem to require large mass and large-sized, eccentric orbits, taking the GCs far away from the central regions of the Galaxy. We can separate three populations in each cluster (primordial, intermediate and extreme) based on the chemical composition. In all GCs we observe a population of primordial composition, similar to field stars of similar metallicity. We find that in all GCs the bulk (from 50 to 70%) of stars belong to the intermediate component. Finally, the extreme, very oxygen-poor component is observed preferentially in massive clusters, but is not present in all massive GCs.
We investigate the tidal interactions of a red giant with a main sequence in the dense stellar core of globular clusters by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method. Two models of $0.8 msun$ red giant with the surface radii 20 and $85 R_sun$ are used w
ith 0.6 or $0.8M_sun$ main sequence star treated as a point mass. We demonstrate that even for the wide encounters that two stars fly apart, the angular momentum of orbital motion can be deposited into the red giant envelope to such an extent as to trigger rotational mixing and to explain the fast rotation observed for the horizontal branch stars, and also that sufficient mass can be accreted on the main sequence stars to disguise their surface convective zone with the matter from the red giant envelope. On the basis of the present results, we discuss the parameter dependence of these transfer characteristics with non-linear effects taken into account, and derive fitting formulae to give the amounts of energy and angular momentum deposited into the red giant and of mass accreted onto the perturber as functions of stellar parameters and the impact parameter of encounter. These formulae are applicable to the encounters not only of the red giants but also of the main sequence stars, and useful in the study of the evolution of stellar systems with the star-star interactions taken into account.
Clear identifications of Galactic young stellar clusters farther than a few kpc from the Sun are rare, despite the large number of candidate clusters. We aim to improve the selection of candidate clusters rich in massive stars with a multiwavelength
analysis of photometric Galactic data that range from optical to mid-infrared wavelengths. We present a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of five candidate stellar clusters, which were selected as overdensities with bright stars (Ks < 7 mag) in GLIMPSE and 2MASS images. A total of 48 infrared spectra were obtained. The combination of photometry and spectroscopy yielded six new red supergiant stars with masses from 10 Msun to 15 Msun. Two red supergiants are located at Galactic coordinates (l,b)=(16.7deg,-0.63deg) and at a distance of about ~3.9 kpc; four other red supergiants are members of a cluster at Galactic coordinates (l,b)=(49.3deg,+0.72deg) and at a distance of ~7.0 kpc. Spectroscopic analysis of the brightest stars of detected overdensities and studies of interstellar extinction along their line of sights are fundamental to distinguish regions of low extinction from actual stellar clusters. The census of young star clusters containing red supergiants is incomplete; in the existing all-sky near-infrared surveys, they can be identified as overdensities of bright stars with infrared color-magnitude diagrams characterized by gaps.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
