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We study the response of confining gauge theory to the external electric field by using holographic Yang-Mills theories in the large $N_c$ limit. Although the theories are in the confinement phase, we find a transition from the insulator to the conductor phase when the electric field exceeds its critical value. Then, the baryon number current is generated in the conductor phase. At the same time, in this phase, the meson melting is observed through the quasi-normal modes of meson spectrum. Possible ideas are given for the string state corresponding to the melted mesons, and they lead to the idea that the source of this current may be identified with the quarks and anti-quarks supplied by the melted mesons. We also discuss about other possible carriers. Furthermore, from the analysis of the massless quark, chiral symmetry restoration is observed at the insulator-conductor transition point by studying a confining theory in which the chiral symmetry is broken.
Time dependent perturbations of states in the holographic dual of a 3+1 dimensional confining theory are considered. The perturbations are induced by varying the coupling to the theorys most relevant operator. The dual gravitational theory belongs to
We show a constantly accelerated quark as a string solution of the Nambu-Goto action, which is embedded in the bulk background dual to the $cal{N}$ $=2$ supersymmetric confining Yang-Mills theory. The induced metric of the world sheet for this string
Using holography, we discuss the effects of an external static electric field on the D3/D-instanton theory at zero-temperature, which is a quasi-confining theory, with confined quarks and deconfined gluons. We introduce the quarks to the theory by em
The holographic equilibration of a far-from-equilibrium strongly coupled gauge theory is investigated. The dynamics of a probe D7-brane in an AdS-Vaidya background is studied in the presence of an external time-dependent electric field. Defining the
The low-energy effective theory description of a confining theory, such as QCD, is constructed including local interactions between hadrons organized in a derivative expansion. This kind of approach also applies more generically to theories with a ma