During the last few decades, great effort has been made towards understanding hydrodynamical processes which determine the structure and evolution of stars. Up to now, the most stringent constraints have been provided by helioseismology and stellar cluster studies. However, the contribution of asteroseismology becomes more and more important, giving us an opportunity to probe the interiors and atmospheres of very different stellar objects. A variety of pulsating variables allows us to test various parameters of micro- and macrophysics by means of oscillation data. I will review the most outstanding key problems, both observational and theoretical, of which our knowledge can be improved by means of asteroseismology.
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