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We analyze the optimal state, as given by Berry and Wiseman [Phys. Rev. Lett {bf 85}, 5098, (2000)], under the canonical phase measurement in the presence of photon loss. The model of photon loss is a generic fictitious beam splitter, and we present the full density matrix calculations, which are more direct and do not involve any approximations. We find for a given amount of loss the upper bound for the input photon number that yields a sub-shot noise estimate.
We optimize two-mode, entangled, number states of light in the presence of loss in order to maximize the extraction of the available phase information in an interferometer. Our approach optimizes over the entire available input Hilbert space with no
We find the optimal scheme for quantum phase estimation in the presence of loss when no a priori knowledge on the estimated phase is available. We prove analytically an explicit lower bound on estimation uncertainty, which shows that, as a function o
We address the implementation of the positive operator-valued measure (POVM) describing the optimal M-outcomes discrimination of the polarization state of a single photon. Initially, the POVM elements are extended to projective operators by Naimark t
We theoretically study the quantum Fisher information (QFI) of the SU(1,1) interferometer with phase shifts in two arms taking account of realistic noise effects. A generalized phase transform including the phase diffusion effect is presented by the
We identify theoretical limits on the photon information efficiency (PIE) of a deep-space optical communication link constrained by the average signal power and operated in the presence of background noise. The ability to implement a scalable modulat