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Gurzadyan-Xue Dark Energy was derived in 1986 (twenty years before the paper of Gurzadyan-Xue). The paper by the present author, titled The Planck Length as a Cosmological Constant, published in Astrophysics Space Science, Vol. 127, p.133-137, 1986 contains the formula claimed to have been derived by Gurzadyan-Xue (in 2003).
I give a brief review of the search for a proper definition of energy in General Relativity (GR), a far from trivial quest, which was only completed after four and a half decades. The equally (or perhaps more) difficult task of establishing its posit
We reconstruct the chain of events, intuitions and ideas that led to the formulation of the Gorini, Kossakowski, Lindblad and Sudarshan equation.
Understanding the nature of time remains a key unsolved problem in science. Newton in the Principia asserted an absolute universal time that {it `flows equably}. Hamilton then proposed a mathematical unification of space and time within the framework
The idea of breaking time-translation symmetry has fascinated humanity at least since ancient proposals of the perpetuum mobile. Unlike the breaking of other symmetries, such as spatial translation in a crystal or spin rotation in a magnet, time tran
In 2015, the New Horizons spacecraft flew past Pluto and its moon Charon, providing the first clear look at the surface of Charon. New Horizons images revealed an ancient surface, a large, intricate canyon system, and many fractures, among other geol