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This paper proposes new symmetries (the body-centred cubic periodic symmetries) beyond the standard model. Using a free particle expanded Schrodinger equation with the body-centred cubic periodic symmetry condition, the paper deduces a full baryon spectrum (including mass M, I, S, C, B, Q, J and P) of all 116 observed baryons. All quantum numbers of all deduced baryons are completely consistent with the corresponding experimental results. The deduced masses of all 116 baryons agree with (more than average 98 percent) the experimental baryon masses using only four constant parameters. The body-centred cubic periodic symmetries with a periodic constant ``a about $10^{-23}$m play a crucial rule. The results strongly suggest that the new symmetries really exist. This paper predicts some kind of ``Zeeman effect of baryons, for example: one experimental baryon N(1720)${3/2}^{+}$ with $ Gamma$ = 200 Mev is composed of two N baryons [(N(1659)${3/2}^{+}$ + N(1839)${3/2}^{+}$] = $bar{N(1749)}$${3/2}^{+}$ with $Gamma$ = 1839-1659 = 180 Mev.
This White Paper describes recent progress and future opportunities in the area of fundamental symmetries and neutrinos.
This is a historical account from my personal perspective of the development over the last few decades of the standard model of particle physics. The model is based on gauge theories, of which the first was quantum electrodynamics, describing the int
We review our expectations in the last year before the LHC commissioning.
The Fermi effective theory of the weak interaction helped identify the structure of the electroweak sector of the Standard Model, and the chiral effective Lagrangian pointed towards QCD as the theory of the strong interactions. The Standard Model Eff
We review pedagogically non-Abelian discrete groups, which play an important role in the particle physics. We show group-theoretical aspects for many concrete groups, such as representations, their tensor products. We explain how to derive, conjugacy