A Study of the possibility of improving the fastness of washing and rubbing of cotton fabrics dyed with direct dye by using microwave energy

In this study, samples of cotton fabric were dyed using direct dye by the traditional method as well as using microwave energy at different energy levels. It was noted that the use of microwave energy increase the dye exhaustion at the used energy levels compared to the traditional method, as well as improving the fastness to washing and wet rubbing.